Masefa emamorekuru, semasefa anoshanda zvakanyanya uye macatalyst, anoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri akadai semapetrochemicals, kupatsanurwa kwegasi, uye kugadzirwa kweokisijeni yekurapa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasefa emamorekuru, ane saizi dzawo dzakasiyana dzemapore uye hunhu hwemakemikari, dzakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri. Chinyorwa chino chinopa sumo yakadzama ye3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (kusanganisira 13X HP uye 13X APG), uye lithium molecular seeves, ichifukidza tsananguro dzadzo, hunhu, mashandisirwo, uye maparamendi akakosha kubatsira vaverengi kunzwisisa zvizere mashandiro akanaka e "masefa emaindasitiri" aya.
Masefa emamorekuru icrystalline aluminosilicates ine maumbirwo akafanana ema microporous anosarudza kunyudza mamorekuru zvichienderana nehukuru uye polarity. Fomura yavo yemakemikari ndeye:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
kupiMinomiririra macation (semuenzaniso, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nndiyo cation valence, uyex/yinosarudza saizi yeburi.
3A Sefa yeMorekuru
Sefa yemhando yeA molecular sefa ine saizi ye ~3 Å (0.3 nm) inotsinhaniswa nePotassium ion (K⁺).
Zvimiro:
Inosveta mamorekuru emvura chete (2.8 Å dhayamita), kusasanganisa mamorekuru makuru (semuenzaniso, ethylene, propane).
Simba guru remakanika uye kuramba kwakasimba kusvibiswa.
Mashandisirwo:
- Kuomesa zvakanyanya ethanol negasi repetroleum rakanyungudutswa.
- Kupera mvura mufiriji.
- Kudzivirira hunyoro mumapurasitiki.
4A Sefa yeMorecular:
Sefa yemhando yeA inonzi sodium ion (Na⁺) ine saizi ye pores ye 4 Å (0.4 nm).
Zvinhu zvirimo:
Inobvisa mamorekuru madiki akadai semvura, methanol, ethanol, uye CO₂.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri uye mumashandisirwo ekuomesa evatengi.
Mashandisirwo:
- Kubvisa hunyoro mumhepo yakamanikidzwa.
- Dziviriro yehunyoro hwemishonga nezvinhu zvemagetsi.
- Muvaki wetsvina (inonyorovesa mvura).
5A Sefa yeMorecular
Calcium ion (Ca²⁺)-yakachinjwa sefa yemhando A ine pore saizi ye5 Å (0.5 nm).
Zvinhu zvirimo:
- Inosveta ma alkanes akatsetseka (semuenzaniso, C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) asi haisanganisire mahydrocarbon ane matavi.
- Inoshandiswa pakupatsanura isomer mukuchenesa peturu.
Mashandisirwo: - Kubvisa mafuta kubva mumafuta (dewaxing) (kuvandudza mashandiro edhiziri rinotonhora).
- Kupatsanurwa kweokisijeni nenitrogen (kuumbwa kweokisijeni nePSA).
- Kubvisa sarufa negasi rechisikigo (kubviswa kweH₂S neCO₂).
13X Molecular Sese
Sefa yeSodium-type X molecular ine saizi ye 10 Å (1.0 nm) uye nzvimbo yakakwirira.
Zvimiro:
Kukwanisa kunyudza zvinhu zvakanyanya kwemamorekuru makuru (semuenzaniso, aromatics, hydrogen sulfide).
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchenesa nekuparadzanisa gasi.
Mashandisirwo:
Kupatsanurwa kwemhepo (kugadzirwa kweokisijeni/nitrogen).
Kuomesa uye kubvisa kabhoni mugasi rechisikigo (CO₂ kubviswa).
Kurapa gasi remarara mumaindasitiri (kunyudzwa kweVOCs).
13X HP (Kushanda Kwakanyanya)
Tsanangudzo: Sefa yemamorekuru ye13X yakagadziriswa ine simba repamusoro rekuisa mvura uye simba rekupwanya.
Zvinhu zvirimo:
- Kukwanisa kunyudza mvura ne15–20% kwakakwira kupfuura 13X yakajairwa.
- Yakakodzera nzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro hwakawanda.
Mashandisirwo: - Zvikamu zvekuparadzanisa mhepo zvine cryogenic.
- Kugadzirwa kwegasi rakachena kwazvo (semuenzaniso, nitrogen yemhando yemagetsi).
13X APG (Giredhi reNdege)
Sefa ye13X molecular yakagadziriswa nendege ine guruva shoma uye yakasimba.
Zvimiro:
Inotevedzera mitemo yendege (semuenzaniso, MIL-D-3464E).
Inodzivirira kukanganiswa kwemhepo inoyerera, inogara kwenguva refu.
Mashandisirwo:
Masisitimu ekutenderera kwemhepo mundege (kugadzirwa kweokisijeni mumakamuri).
Kucheneswa kwegasi rezvikepe zvemuchadenga.
Lithium Molecular Sese (Li-LSX)
Sefa yeLithium ion (Li⁺) inotsinhaniswa neX-type molecular sefa ine saizi yepore ye ~9 Å.
Zvinhu zvirimo:
- Kusarudza kwakasimba kwekunyudzwa kwenitrogen (N₂), zvichiita kuti oxygen-nitrogen iparadzaniswe zvakanaka.
- Inoshandiswa pakugadzira okisijeni inoshanda zvakanyanya.
- Mashandisirwo:
- Zvinoisa okisijeni muropa (>90% O₂ kuchena).
- Kupisa kwakawedzerwa okisijeni muzvitofu zvinoputika.
- Masisitimu ekutsigira hupenyu mungarava dzepasi pemvura nemuzvitundumuseremusere.
| Rudzi | Saizi yeburi | Rudzi rweCation | Mamorekuru Makuru Anonatswa | Kushandiswa |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Kupera simba kweEthanol, kuomesa LPG |
| 4X | 4 | Na⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Kuomesa mhepo, sipo |
| 5X | 5 | Ca²⁺ | n-alkanes, H₂S | Kubvisa mafuta kubva mumafuta, PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | Na⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, zvinonhuhwirira | Kucheneswa kwegasi rechisikigo, kupatsanurwa kwemhepo |
| 13X HP | 10 | Na⁺ (yakagadziridzwa) | Mamorekuru makuru egasi | Kugadzirwa kwegasi rakachena kwazvo |
| 13X APG | 10 | Na⁺ (guruva rakaderera) | Kucheneswa kwegesi yendege | Masisitimu eokisijeni yendege |
| Li-LSX | 9 | Li⁺ | N₂ (yakanakisisa) | Zvinosimbisa okisijeni yekurapa |
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-03-2025